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1、新巴塞爾協(xié)議講解摘要1988年巴塞爾協(xié)議是西方十國集團(tuán)在繼赫斯塔特銀行和富蘭克林國民銀行倒閉以來,對(duì)國際銀行監(jiān)管方面存在的諸多問題進(jìn)行研討而總結(jié)出來的。協(xié)議將監(jiān)管視角從銀行體外轉(zhuǎn)向銀行體內(nèi),將資本金要求與資產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度掛鉤,體現(xiàn)了資本的質(zhì)與量的統(tǒng)一,對(duì)商業(yè)銀行資本管理思想產(chǎn)生了深刻影響。與舊協(xié)議相比,新巴塞爾資本協(xié)議擴(kuò)大了資本充足約束的范圍,對(duì)銀行面臨的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均提出了配置相應(yīng)資本的要求,提出了一整套可供銀行靈活選擇的循序漸進(jìn)的資本金計(jì)算方法。新協(xié)議將監(jiān)管重點(diǎn)從原來單一的最低
2、資本充足水平轉(zhuǎn)向銀行內(nèi)部的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系的建設(shè)狀況上來,強(qiáng)調(diào)了監(jiān)管當(dāng)局的監(jiān)督檢查和市場(chǎng)紀(jì)律對(duì)最低資本規(guī)定的補(bǔ)充作用。與新協(xié)議的要求相比,我國商業(yè)銀行資本管理存在著相當(dāng)大的差距,主要表現(xiàn)在:資本充足率可能進(jìn)一步下降,現(xiàn)行資本充足率測(cè)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在諸多缺陷,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系很不完善,等等。為迎接新協(xié)議實(shí)施后來自國內(nèi)外金融市場(chǎng)的巨大挑戰(zhàn),我國商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)充分借鑒國際銀行業(yè)的先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)揮后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)一步拓寬籌資渠道,完善資本結(jié)構(gòu),初步建立以內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)法為核心的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系,規(guī)范資本管理信息披露,繼續(xù)改善資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
3、,提高盈利能力,以便盡早與新協(xié)議的要求接軌,提高我國銀行業(yè)的國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。關(guān)鍵詞新巴塞爾協(xié)議商業(yè)銀行資本管理IIAbstractTheBasleCapitalAccordofJuly1988resultedfromthediscussionsandresearchesofinternationalbankingsupervisionbytheGroupofTenafterHerstattBankofWestGermanyandFranklinNationalBankofAmericawentban
4、krupt.Ittransformedtheconcernofbankingsupervisionfromtheinsidetotheoutsideofbanks,integratedthequalityofbanks’capitalsintothequalityofthembyrequiringadequatecapitalinaccordancewiththerisksoftheirassets,sohavedeeplyinfluencedthecapitalmanagementofcomm
5、ercialbanks.ComparedwiththeoriginalBasleCapitalAccord,thenewonerequirestheaccordingcapitalofallrisksincludingcreditrisk,marketriskandoperationalrisk,andputsforwardaseriesofprogressivemethodsofmeasuringthecapitalwhichcanbeflexiblychoosedbybanks.TheNew
6、CapitalAccordattachesmoreimportancetobanks’insidesystemofassessingrisksthantothecapitaladequacy,andemphasizesthesupplementaryroleofSupervisoryReviewofCapitalAdequacyandMarketDiscipline.IfcommercialbanksinchinameettherequirementoftheNewCapitalAccord,m
7、anyquestionsmustbesolved,includingthepossiblecontinualworseincapitaladequacy,alotofdrawbacksinthecurrentstandardofmeasuringcapitaladequacy,imperferctionintheinternalsystemofassessingrisk,andsoon.Inordertocopewiththechallengefromtheinternalandinternat
8、ionalfinancialmarket,commercialbanksinchinashouldmakefulluseoftheadvancedmanagingexperienceofinternationalbanking,raisecapitalsbyallpossiblemeans,makecapitalstructureperfect,setuppreliminarysystemofassessingriskswithconcerntrationonInternalRatings-Ba