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1、經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論2021/8/301經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論目的和要求(一)經(jīng)絡學總論1、掌握經(jīng)絡的概念及經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的組成。2、了解經(jīng)絡的發(fā)現(xiàn)及形成發(fā)展。3、熟悉十二經(jīng)脈的命名及分布規(guī)律、表里絡屬。4、熟悉十二經(jīng)脈的走向及相接規(guī)律。5、熟悉奇經(jīng)八脈的概念及作用,掌握任、督二脈循行規(guī)律,了解奇經(jīng)八脈中其他六經(jīng)循行特點。6、掌握經(jīng)絡的生理作用,熟悉經(jīng)絡學說的應用。7、了解經(jīng)絡學說的現(xiàn)代研究。2021/8/302經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論目的和要求(二)腧穴學總論1、掌握腧穴的基本概念及腧穴的分類。2、了解腧穴的命名。3、了解特定穴的含義和用法。4、掌握腧穴的定位方法。5、了解腧穴的主治
2、規(guī)律。2021/8/303經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論1、經(jīng)絡(TheChannelsandCollaterals)經(jīng)絡是經(jīng)脈和絡脈的總稱,是人體運行氣血,聯(lián)絡臟腑,溝通內(nèi)外,貫串上下的徑路。(一)經(jīng)絡學總論2021/8/304經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論2、經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)把人體的臟腑、組織、器官聯(lián)結(jié)成一個有機的整體,使人體各個部位的功能活動保持相對的協(xié)調(diào)和平衡。2021/8/305經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論3、經(jīng)絡學說研究人體經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的生理功能、病理變化及其臟腑相互關(guān)系的學說,使中醫(yī)學理論體系的重要組成部分?!鹅`樞.經(jīng)脈》云:“經(jīng)絡者,所以決生死,處百病,調(diào)虛實,不可不通?!?021/8/3
3、06經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論針刺感應現(xiàn)象當針刺一定部位時,會有酸脹的感覺沿著一定的徑路放散,溫灸時也會有熱感由施灸部位向遠處擴散,推拿時也會產(chǎn)生溫熱、酸麻等感覺沿一定的經(jīng)路傳導?!暗脷狻?、“行氣”、“針感”“為針之要,氣至而有效?!?021/8/309經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論氣功古稱“導引”、按蹺、行氣。“恬淡虛無,真氣從之?!薄皻庑畹ぬ铩薄靶≈芴臁薄按笾芴臁?021/8/3010經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論5、經(jīng)絡學說形成和發(fā)展A、關(guān)于經(jīng)脈帛書《陰陽十一脈灸經(jīng)》《足臂十一脈灸經(jīng)》——《內(nèi)經(jīng)》十二經(jīng)脈——《難經(jīng)》奇經(jīng)八脈B、經(jīng)脈與腧穴的關(guān)系《內(nèi)經(jīng)》記載160個——《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》發(fā)展到349
4、個———《針灸大成》359個——現(xiàn)代361個C、病候?qū)W方面:經(jīng)脈辨證2021/8/3011經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論6、經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的組成2021/8/3012經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論經(jīng)脈十二經(jīng)脈十二經(jīng)別奇經(jīng)八脈2021/8/3013經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論(1)十二經(jīng)脈(十二正經(jīng))手三陰經(jīng)手太陰肺經(jīng)手三陽經(jīng)手陽明大腸經(jīng)手厥陰心包經(jīng)手少陽三焦經(jīng)手少陰心經(jīng)手太陽小腸經(jīng)足三陰經(jīng)足太陰脾經(jīng)足三陽經(jīng)足陽明胃經(jīng)足厥陰肝經(jīng)足少陽膽經(jīng)足少陰腎經(jīng)足太陽膀胱經(jīng)2021/8/3014經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論2021/8/3015經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論1內(nèi)為陰,外為陽2臟為陰,腑為陽3上為手,下為足A、十二經(jīng)脈命名原則2021/8
5、/3016經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論陰經(jīng)(屬臟)陽經(jīng)(屬腑)循行部位(陰經(jīng)行于內(nèi)側(cè),陽經(jīng)行于外側(cè))手太陰肺經(jīng)陽明大腸經(jīng)上肢前部厥陰心包經(jīng)少陽三焦經(jīng)中部少陰心經(jīng)太陽小腸經(jīng)后部足太陰脾經(jīng)陽明胃經(jīng)下肢前部厥陰肝經(jīng)少陽膽經(jīng)中部少陰腎經(jīng)太陽膀胱經(jīng)后部B、十二經(jīng)脈名稱分類2021/8/3017經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論1四肢陰經(jīng)(臟)陽經(jīng)(腑)循行部位手手太陰肺經(jīng)手厥陰心包經(jīng)手少陰心經(jīng)手陽明大腸經(jīng)手少陽三焦經(jīng)手太陽小腸經(jīng)上肢前線中線后線足足太陰脾經(jīng)足厥陰肝經(jīng)足少陰腎經(jīng)足陽明胃經(jīng)足少陽膽經(jīng)足太陽膀胱經(jīng)下肢前線中線后線十二經(jīng)脈分布規(guī)律-----四肢部2021/8/3018經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論肺大胃脾心
6、小腸膀腎包焦膽肝詳手三陰經(jīng)均起與胸部,手三陽經(jīng)經(jīng)過肩部,頸部而上達頭面胸腹部第一側(cè)線……足少陰腎經(jīng)胸腹部第二側(cè)線……足陽明胃經(jīng)胸腹部第三側(cè)線……足太陰脾經(jīng)脅、腰側(cè)面………足少陽膽經(jīng)、足厥陰肝經(jīng)十二經(jīng)脈分布規(guī)律--軀干部2021/8/3019經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論六條陽經(jīng)經(jīng)脈,皆上循頭面手足陽明經(jīng)脈……頭面部手足少陽經(jīng)脈……側(cè)頭部足太陽經(jīng)脈……頭頂部,手太陽經(jīng)脈……頭頰部十二經(jīng)脈分布規(guī)律--頭面部2021/8/3020經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論C、十二經(jīng)脈走向交接規(guī)律“手之三陰,從臟走手,手之三陽,從手走頭,足之三陽,從頭走足,足之三陰,從足走腹?!?021/8/3021經(jīng)絡腧
7、穴學總論頭胸手腹足手足陰陽經(jīng)脈走向交接規(guī)律示意圖2021/8/3022經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論D、十二經(jīng)脈流注次序2021/8/3023經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論E、十二經(jīng)脈表里關(guān)系手太陰肺經(jīng)-------手陽明大腸經(jīng)手厥陰心包經(jīng)-------手少陽三焦經(jīng)手少陰心經(jīng)-------手太陽小腸經(jīng)足太陰脾經(jīng)-------足陽明胃經(jīng)足厥陰肝經(jīng)-------足少陽膽經(jīng)足少陰腎經(jīng)-------足太陽膀胱經(jīng)2021/8/3024經(jīng)絡腧穴學總論(2)十二經(jīng)別十二經(jīng)脈別出的正經(jīng)。起于四肢,循行體內(nèi)臟腑深部,上出頸項淺部。作用:加強十二經(jīng)脈中表里聯(lián)系的兩經(jīng)之間的聯(lián)系,并能通過達到某些正經(jīng)未能達到的
8、器官與形體部位,來補充正經(jīng)之不足。2021/8/3025經(jīng)絡腧穴學