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1、第五章測試效度及其驗證方法(二)教學目標了解整體效度觀的主要思想整體效度觀測試辯論法圖爾明模型了解累進效度觀的主要思想測試辯論模型的邏輯錯誤及成因累進辯論法累進效度觀整體效度觀主要時期:20世紀80年代中期以后基本觀點:整體多維性驗證方法:理性辯論辯論框架:圖爾明模型定義《教育與心理測驗標準》(1985)Validity…referstotheappropriateness,meaningfulnessandusefulnessofthespecificinferencesmadeformtestscores.(從考分中推理出來的特定結論的恰當性、意義性
2、和有用性)《教育與心理測驗標準》(1999)Validityreferstothedegreetowhichevidenceandtheorysupporttheinterpretationsoftestscoresentailedbyproposedusesoftests.(證據(jù)和理論支持測試使用所需的考分解釋的程度)解讀(效度概念的內(nèi)涵)整體多維性整體概念:構念效度?整體效度,即效度(不存在類別之分)多維互補:之前不同類別的效度?同一整體的不同維度(相互補充、相互依存,為整體效度提供證據(jù))重心轉移不再是測試本身固有的屬性,而在于分數(shù)的解釋和使用,包括
3、分數(shù)解釋的合理性、使用決策的恰當性和使用后果的裨益性不再是“有”或“無”的問題,而是“程度”問題不再是單一指標,而是綜合評判不再是抽象數(shù)值,而是理性結論不再由公式計算,而應邏輯推理無所謂效度系數(shù)之說ValidityModel(Messick1988:42)Aninductivesummaryofconvergentanddiscriminantevidencethatthetestscoreshaveaplausiblemeaningorconstructinterpretation,Anappraisalofthevalueimplicationsof
4、thetestinterpretationArationaleandevidencefortherelevanceoftheconstructandtheutilityofthescoresinparticularapplicationsAnappraisalofthepotentialsocialconsequencesoftheproposeduseandoftheactualconsequenceswhenusedInterpretiveArgument(IA,Kane1992)(轉引自McNamara&Roever,2006:25)IA:Scor
5、einterpretationanduseAssessmentArgument(Mislevyetal.2003)Evidence-centeredDesign(ECD)Evidence-basedValidation(Weir2005)AssessmentUseArgument(AUA,Bachman&Palmer2010)LogicalStructureofIA,ECD,AUAIA,basedonKane(1990,1992)ECD,Mislevyetal.(2003:15)AUA,Bachman(2005:15)AlternativeExplana
6、tionorRivalHypothesisRebuttalDataRebuttalBackingMostquestionableassumptionLogicalProblemsofECDClaimWarrantBackingDataRebuttalAlternativeLogicalProblemsofAUA-1Data:Jimisgoingtothehospital.Claim:Jimissick.(Warrant):Peopleoftengotothehospitalwhentheyaresick.sincesoRebuttal:Jimcouldb
7、evisitingsomeonewhoisinthehospital.RebuttalBacking:Jimisvisitinghispartnerinthehospital.Counterclaim:Jimisnotsick.unlessSupports(Bachman&Palmer,2010,p.97)WhatifJimisattendingameetinginthehospital,notvisitinganyoneinparticular?Whatifheisseeingthedoctorhimselfaswell?Ifwealreadyknow
8、Jimisvisitinghispartnerinthehospital,dow