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1、漢語否定句式的英譯分析解析一漢語否定句:漢語中否定概念通過詞匯手段來表達(dá),否定句帶有否定字詞的標(biāo)記。例如:我不喜歡這部電影。他這樣說毫無道理。你得趕緊走,否則會遲到。英語表達(dá)否定概念通常有三種手段。一種如同漢語,采用否定詞,如not,no,never,neither等,還有否定前綴no-,non-,in-,im-,un-還有后綴-less等。二是采用含有否定意義的詞如:hardly,rarely,seldom,barely,narrowly,few,little,(副詞)還有各類詞組lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,runshortof,o
2、verlook,(動詞)absence,ignorance,(名詞)beyond,without,except,but,invain,unless(介詞)等。三是采用句法手段,如more…than…,otherthan…,ratherthan,wouldrather,knowbetterthan..,too…to…等Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Catchmedoingthat.Fancymeetingyouhere.具有否定意義的詞語,如hardly,rarely,seldom,barely,scarcely,narrowly,few,li
3、ttle等。動詞:lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,runshort/outof,keep/stop/refrain/prevent(from),(get)ridof/overlook名詞:absence,exclusion,lack,want,failure,ignorance,denial.WantHewantsthecouragetospeakthetruth.形容詞:absent,missing,ignorant,gone,free/far/safefrom,shortof,exclusiveof.介詞:beyond,without
4、,above,except,save,but,連詞:before,unless一,以否定形式譯漢語之否定句我認(rèn)為他不夠格。Idon’tthinkheisqualified.我對他的情況一無所知。Idon’tknowanythingabouthim.二,以肯定形式譯漢語之否定句:我年輕的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返。GonearethedayswhenIwasyoung.女孩未出嫁是一個無價之寶。Agirlbeforemarriageisapreciouspearl.欲速則不達(dá)。Morehaste,lessspeed.他的解釋不能讓人滿意.Hisexplanationisf
5、arfromsatisfactory.(一)用英語中含有半否定語氣的副詞,如:seldom,hardly,barely,scarcely,rarely,little,otherwise等。1.那些黑人掙到的錢幾乎不夠養(yǎng)家糊口。TheNegroesbarelyearnenoughmoneytokeeptheirfamiliesalive.2.他太自私了,幾乎誰也不喜歡他。Hardlyanybodylikeshim,becauseheistooselfish.3.我最近不常見他。Ihaveseldomseenhimrecently.Ihaveseenhimverys
6、eldomrecently.4.我根本不知道他會遇到什么麻煩。Ilittleknewwhattroublehewasgoingtohave.5.他顯然有不同的想法。Heevidentlythinksotherwise.(二)英語中含否定語氣的動詞,如fail,miss,lack,ignore,refuse,withhold,refrain(from),neglect,deny,overlook,exclude等等。例如:1.他沒趕上火車。Hemissedthetrain.2.他沒能讓老板接受他的提議。Hefailedtomakethebossaccepthisp
7、lan.3.他不愿接受那筆款子。Herefusedtotakethemoney.這個錯誤數(shù)字沒有被會計(jì)看出。Thiswrongnumberescapedtheaccountant.他不承認(rèn)昨天見過我。Hedeniedseeingmeyesterday.湯姆在這次期末考試中未及格。Tomfailedinthefinalexamination.(三)名詞:absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglectexclusion等等,例如:1.他開車時心不在焉,幾乎闖禍。Hisabsenceofmindduringthedrivingnea
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