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1、Lesson1Thegreatestachievementofhumaninitslongevolutionfromancienthominoidancestortoitspresentstatusistheacquisitionandaccumulationofavastbodyofknowledgeaboutitself，theworld，andtheuniverse.Theproductsofthisknowledgeareallthosethingsthat,intheaggregate,wecall“civilization”,including
2、language,science,literature,art,allthephysicalmechanisms,instruments，andstructuresweuse，andthephysicalinfrastructuresonwhichsocietyrelies.Mostofusassumethatinmodernsocietyknowledgeofallkindsiscontinuallyincreasingandtheaggregationofnewinformationintothecorpusofoursocialorcollectiv
3、eknowledgeissteadilyreducingtheareaofignoranceaboutourselves，theworld，andtheuniverse.Butcontinuingremindersofthenumerousareasofourpresentignoranceinviteacriticalanalysisofthisassumption.人類從古代的類人猿祖先發(fā)展到現(xiàn)狀的及其漫長的過程中的最大成就是獲取并積累了大量關(guān)于自身、世界和宇宙的知識(shí)?？偟膩碚f，我們將這種知識(shí)的所有產(chǎn)物稱之為“文明”，包括語言、科學(xué)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)，我們所
4、應(yīng)用的所有物理學(xué)、工具、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及社會(huì)所以存的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)各種知識(shí)不斷增加新信息不斷積聚，我們對(duì)自身、世界、宇宙的未知正在穩(wěn)步減少。但是，人類至今對(duì)諸多領(lǐng)域的無知使得我們要對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批判分析。Lesson2Moreover，beforelamentingmodularization，itisnecessarytoaskourselveswhetherwereallywouldprefertoreturntothetraditionalconditionofmaninwhicheachindividualpresumablyrel
5、atedtothewholepersonalityofafewpeopleratherthantothepersonalitymodulesofmany.Traditionalmanhasbeensosentimentalized，socloyinglyromanticized，thatwefrequentlyoverlooktheconsequencesofsuchareturn.Theverysamewriterswholamentfragmentationalsodemandfreedom—yetoverlooktheun-freedomofpeop
6、leboundtogetherintotalisticrelationship.Foranyrelationshipimpliesmutualdemandsandexpectations.Themoreintimatelyinvolvedarelationship，thegreaterthepressurethepartiesexertononeanothertofulfilltheseexpectations.Thetighterandmoretotalistictherelationship，themoremodules，sotospeak，arebr
7、oughtintoplay，andthemorenumerousarethedemandswemake.此外，我們?cè)谕锵Ц袊@模塊化之前有必要自問我們是否真的愿意回歸傳統(tǒng)，每個(gè)人只與少數(shù)幾個(gè)人做全面深入的了解接觸而不是與眾多的人做有限的接觸。傳統(tǒng)的人流于感傷，多生浪漫，以至于我們經(jīng)常忽略其帶來的后果。那個(gè)哀嘆人際破碎的作者同樣需要自由，只是他忽略了嚴(yán)格人際關(guān)系下人的不自由。人際關(guān)系意味著彼此的需求與期望。私交越親密意味著彼此實(shí)現(xiàn)這些期望的壓力越大?？梢赃@么說，嚴(yán)格完整模塊化的人際關(guān)系能夠更有效地滿足我們更多的需求。Inamodularrelationship
8、,thedemandsarestrictlybounded.Sol
