Negative Transfer in Learning a Second Language

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1、NegativeTransferinLearningaSecondLanguageLanguagetransferisauniversalphenomenoninsecondlanguageacquisition.Beforelanguagelearnerslearnaforeignlanguage,especiallyadults,theyhavebeenusingtheirmotherlanguagetocommunicatewitheachotherforalongtime.Sotheyhaveb

2、eenveryfamiliarwiththerulesofmotherlanguage.Whiletheyarelearningaforeignlanguage,theymaybetransfertherolestothenewlanguageunconsciously,andthat’swhatwecalledL1transfer.Becauseofmanydifferencesbetweenlanguages,thereareusuallymoredisadvantagesthanadvantage

3、s,andwewilldiscusshowthenegativetransferinfluentsecondlanguageacquisitionfollowingandgivesomepracticalsuggestionsoftherighttreatmenttoit.Therearealotofmanifestationsofnegativetoinfluentthesecondlanguageacquisition.Firstofall,mostofforeignlanguagelearners

4、liketolearnforeignlanguagewiththehelpofmothertongue,anditwouldpreventustohaveamorestandardaccent.LikeourChinese,peopleliketolearnEnglishwiththehelpofChinese“Pinyin”becausetherearesomesimilaritiesbetweenthem.Forexample,thefirsttimeChineselearnthepronuncia

5、tion“I”withthePinyin“ai”,andtheywillignoretheprolongedsoundandtheshortssound,maybeit’snoproblemtopronouncejustasimplyword,butifalongsentence,itssubstandardpronunciationwillinfluentthesecondlanguageacquisition.Then,ourChinesethoughtalsohasanegativetransfe

6、rtolearnanewlanguage.Forexample,ChineseusuallydonotunderstandtheEnglishjokesthoughttheycanreadthem.There’sajokeinEnglish,“Onedayayoungbusinessmanaskedhisgirlfriend,"Dear,willyoumarrymeifIambankrupt?""Ofcourse,Iwill."thegirlsaidfirmly."Doyoumeanwhatyousay

7、?"themanasked."That'swhatIwanttoaskyou."thegirlsaid.“Thoughweknowthemeaning,wecan’tunderstandwhattheyarelaughing.AndthemannerinChineseandEnglishdifferentthoughtisanotherfactortoinfluentsecondlanguageacquisition.LikeEnglandpeoplewouldliketocalltheseniorpe

8、ople’snames.Butit’simpolitetodosoinChina.Generally,wordsareinourdailylife.Andafteralongtimelearning,wehavecombinedsomewords.Whenwehearorseeaword,wewillreflecttheconceptortheimageimmediately.ButinEnglish,therehavenothesamec