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1、中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中虛擬語氣的探析【摘要】英語中的語氣分為三種:陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣,所謂陳述語氣是指用來陳述事實(shí),有肯定、否定、疑問、感嘆等形式。所謂祈使語氣是指用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告等。所謂虛擬語氣是指利用動(dòng)詞的特殊形式,表示不切實(shí)際的假設(shè),願(yuàn)望、猜想、比喻、決定、主張、建議和命令等【關(guān)鍵詞】虛擬語氣陳述語氣祈使語氣一、非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成形式::1?Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishmucheasier.A.willlbeB.wouldhavebe
2、enC.CouldhavebeenD.wouldbe分析:該題選D根據(jù)句意可知,是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬主句用wonld+V原形仮!]:2.Ifhe,hethatfood,Luckily.Hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned,hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken分析:該題選B,由
3、句意知是對(duì)過去虛擬,對(duì)過去虛擬從句用had+過去分詞,主句用would+have+過去分詞二、在If引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中,if可省略,但需要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).如if從句中含有were,had或should時(shí),可將它們提到主語之前,並將if省略,而且省略的if從句一般位於主句之前傳
4、
5、:1?yourletter,Iwouldhavestartedoff2daysago.A.IfIreceivedB.shouldIreceiveC.IfIcouldhavereceivedD.HadIreceived分析:根據(jù)句意
6、是對(duì)過去的虛擬,從句中應(yīng)用had+過去分詞,當(dāng)要省略if時(shí),需將had提前,故選D三、虛擬語氣可不用if從句表示條件,而用介詞without,butfor,等或連詞otherwise,表示一種含蓄條件。所謂含蓄條件:是指那些不含有條件從句,而實(shí)際上含有虛擬條件的句子:1.Withoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeD.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe分析:由句意可知是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,用withoutelectricit
7、y表示含蓄條件;withoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬,主句用would+V原形故選D例2.Jackcan,thavearrivedyet;otherwise,hewouldme.A.telephoneB.telephonedC.havetelephoneD.havetelephoned分析:Otherwise=lfhehadarrived,由句意知,是對(duì)過去的虛擬,用otherwise表示瞭含蓄條件,主句用would+have+過去分詞,故選D
8、表示錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語氣,所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語氣是指主句的動(dòng)作和條件從句的動(dòng)作不發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間借!I:1.IfIyou,IhisadviceA.was;wouldhavetakenB.were;wouldhavetakenC.were;hadtekenD.was;havetaken分析:從句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,主句是對(duì)過去的虛擬,從句用—般過去時(shí),主句用would+have+過去分詞,故選B五、在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中,如其含義與事實(shí)相反,其動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣,形式與if條件狀語從句相同,
9、若與事實(shí)相同,則用陳述語氣:1?Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen分析:由句意知,是對(duì)過去的虛擬asif從句用had+過去分詞,故選D例:2.Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker,ItlooksasifitA.shouldrainB.wouldra泊C.hasrainD.isgoingtorain分析:由句意知,與將來事實(shí)相符,應(yīng)用陳述語氣故
10、選D六、在suggest/advise/order/demand/require/request等表示“建議^命令^要求'的動(dòng)詞,其後賓語從句用虛擬語氣Should+V原形,should/可省略,但當(dāng)suggest"暗示”“表明”講時(shí),其後賓語從句用陳述語氣例:1.Jane,spalefacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparentssuggestedthatsheamedicalexamination.A.be;s