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1、專業(yè)GMAT與托福保分機(jī)構(gòu)Passage3Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollow（否定態(tài)度）theclassicalrationalmodelof(of后面解釋說明經(jīng)典理性模型的內(nèi)容，可以略讀)firstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedec
2、ision.//第一層，主要講多數(shù)高級管理者不推崇經(jīng)典理性模型解決問題。Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofth
3、inking.//第二層，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，高級管理者依賴直覺解決問題，并把行動和思考結(jié)合在一起。Generations（世代的，需要體會出有老觀點(diǎn)的意味，一般老觀點(diǎn)都有問題）ofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.第一層，世代評論管理學(xué)的作家們認(rèn)為一些管理者過分依賴直覺。//Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspof（否定態(tài)度）whatintuitionis.Someseeitas
4、theoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.//第二層，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者認(rèn)為這些作家們對直覺概念存在誤解。Isenberg’srecentresearch（引出新觀點(diǎn)）onthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese(指代的是第二段中作家們把直覺看成oppositeofrationality和excuseforcapriciousness).第一層，否定
5、第二段中作家們對直覺的觀點(diǎn)，Isenberg提出關(guān)于直覺的新觀點(diǎn)。//Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainsta
6、kingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutives全國免費(fèi)咨詢熱線：400-600-11
7、23專業(yè)GMAT與托福保分機(jī)構(gòu)arefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depth
8、analysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausib
