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1、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群及其分析外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目:IndustryClustersandIndustryClusterAnalysis出處:2006,RegionalEconomicDevelopment,Pages237-241作者:RobertJ.Stimson,RogerR.StoughandBrianH.Roberts6.1ANewContextEarlychaptersinthisbookdiscussedhow,duringthethreedecadesthatfollowedtheendofWorldWarII,governmentsofallpersu
2、asionhadembarkeduponprogramstodevelopnationalindustriestocreateemploymentandtoachievegreaterself-sufficiencyintheproductionofdomesticgoodsandservices.Largeheavyindustryandassemblytownsemergedundernationalindustryplans.Manyofthoseindustrieshadstronghorizontalandverticallyintegratedsystemso
3、fproductionorientatedtothemanufactureoftotalorfullyassembledproducts.Interactionbetweenindustrysectorswaslimited,andtherewassignificantduplicationofresearch,serviceprovisionandresourceconsumption.Nationalindustrieswerealsoprotectedbytariffsandmonopolyprovisions,leadingtoinefficiencies,red
4、ucedcompetitivenessanddeclininginnovation.Bythe1980s,nationalrestructuringpolicies,globalizationandnewproductiontechnologybeganchallengingtraditionalproductionsystemsleadingtoemergingglobalcorporationslookingatwaystoimproveefficienciesandcompetitiveness.Industryclusters,involvingtheconcen
5、tratedproductioninspecializedcommoditiesandmerchandiseproductsorservices,haveplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofcities,nationsandtradeforoverthreemillennia.Thusthereisnothingnewintheconceptofindustryclusters.However,theindustryclustersofthepastareverydifferentfromtheclustersthatdriveregi
6、onaleconomiestoday.Manyelementsofoldindustryclustersstillsurvivedespitemanyoftheircoreelementseitherdisappearingorrelocatingtolowercostproductioncenters.Oldindustryclusterswerefirmlyentrenchedinmanufacturing.Thenewindustryclusters?especiallyindevelopedeconomies?combineserviceswithtechnolo
7、gyand/orhighvalueaddedproductionprocesses.Undoubtedlytherehasbeenagrowinginterestbygovernments,internationaldevelopmentagenciesandbusinessinthevalueof,facilitatingthegrowthofindustryclusterstosupportregionalandlocalcommunityeconomicdevelopmentJacobsanddeJong1992;And
