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《定義產(chǎn)業(yè)集群【外文翻譯】》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、外文翻譯原文DefiningIndustryClustersMaterialSource:JournalofBusinessVenturingAuthor:NancyLenhartWHATAREINDUSTRYCLUSTERS?Industryclustersaregeographicconcentrationsofcompeting,complementary,orinterdependentfirmsandindustriesthatdobusinesswitheachotherand/orhavecomm
2、onneedsfortalent,technology,andinfrastructure.Thefirmsincludedintheclustermaybebothcompetitiveandcooperative.Theymaycompetedirectlywithsomemembersofthecluster,purchaseinputsfromotherclustermembers,andrelyontheservicesofotherclusterfirmsintheoperationoftheirb
3、usiness.Clustersmaygettheirstartinanynumberofways.Forexample,aclustermayformaroundalargecompetitivefirm,suchasMedtronicintheTwinCitiesorMicrosoftinSeattle.Thepresenceofandsupportofamajorresearchinstitutionmayspurthedevelopmentofacluster,suchastheinformationt
4、echnologyclustersinSiliconValleyandtheBostonarea.Specialinfrastructureconditions,orresourcesmayalsosupportthedevelopmentofindustryclusters.ExamplesincludethewoodproductsclusterinnorthernMinnesota,thewineindustryinnorthernCalifornia,andtourisminsouthernFlorid
5、a.Industryclustersaredynamicentities.Theymaychangeastheindustrieswithinthemchangeorasexternalconditionschange.Forexample,asthecomputerhardwareindustrychanged,theTwinCitiesandBostonhardwareclusterslostprominenceintheirstates’economiesandnationally.Bothareasar
6、etryingSometimesanindustryclusterwillspawnanentirelynewcluster.TheaerospaceclusterinSouthernCaliforniahasspawnedseveralotherclustersthatrelyonrelatedengineeringskillsandtechnologies.Animportantcharacteristicofclustersisthattheyarecenteredonfirmsthatselloutsi
7、dethelocal,state,orevennationalmarket.Theseexportingfirmsaredrivingforcesinaregionalorstateeconomy.Theybringmoneyintotheareaandsupportmanylocalindustries.Clustersmayincludegovernment,nonprofitorganizations,educationalinstitutions,andotherinfrastructureandser
8、viceproviderswhosepresenceiskeytothestrengthofthecluster.TheCaliforniawineclusterprovidesagoodexampleofthecomplexnatureofanindustrycluster.Theclusterincludes680commercialwineriesandseveralthousa
