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1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：IndustryClustersandIndustryClusterAnalysis出處：2006,RegionalEconomicDevelopment,Pages237-241作者：RobertJ.Stimson,RogerR.StoughandBrianH.Roberts6.1ANewContextEarlychaptersinthisbookdiscussedhow,duringthethreedecadesthatfollowedtheendofWorldWarII,governmentsofallpersuasion
2、hadembarkeduponprogramstodevelopnationalindustriestocreateemploymentandtoachievegreaterself-sufficiencyintheproductionofdomesticgoodsandservices.Largeheavyindustryandassemblytownsemergedundernationalindustryplans.Manyofthoseindustrieshadstronghorizontalandverticallyintegratedsystem
3、sofproductionorientatedtothemanufactureoftotalorfullyassembledproducts.Interactionbetweenindustrysectorswaslimited,andtherewassignificantduplicationofresearch,serviceprovisionandresourceconsumption.Nationalindustrieswerealsoprotectedbytariffsandmonopolyprovisions,leadingtoinefficie
4、ncies,reducedcompetitivenessanddeclininginnovation.Bythe1980s,nationalrestructuringpolicies,globalizationandnewproductiontechnologybeganchallengingtraditionalproductionsystemsleadingtoemergingglobalcorporationslookingatwaystoimproveefficienciesandcompetitiveness.Industryclusters,in
5、volvingtheconcentratedproductioninspecializedcommoditiesandmerchandiseproductsorservices,haveplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofcities,nationsandtradeforoverthreemillennia.Thusthereisnothingnewintheconceptofindustryclusters.However,theindustryclustersofthepastareverydifferentfromt
6、heclustersthatdriveregionaleconomiestoday.Manyelementsofoldindustryclustersstillsurvivedespitemanyoftheircoreelementseitherdisappearingorrelocatingtolowercostproductioncenters.Oldindustryclusterswerefirmlyentrenchedinmanufacturing.Thenewindustryclusters—especiallyindevelopedeconomi
7、es—combineserviceswithtechnologyand/orhighvalueaddedproductionprocesses.Undoubtedlytherehasbeenagrowinginterestbygovernments,internationaldevelopmentagenciesandbusinessinthevalueof,facilitatingthegrowthofindustryclusterstosupportregionalandlocalcommunityeconomicdevelopment(Jacobsan
8、ddeJong1992;Anderson1994;E
