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1、從文化角度看習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯【摘要】習(xí)語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言文化的結(jié)晶,缺少了習(xí)語(yǔ),語(yǔ)言將會(huì)變得索然無(wú)味。習(xí)語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)言中的應(yīng)用比比皆是,在寫作或演說(shuō)中適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧?xí)語(yǔ)將會(huì)使篇章增色,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的力量使語(yǔ)言更形象。奈達(dá)曾說(shuō)過,習(xí)語(yǔ)是比任何非習(xí)語(yǔ)更具沖擊力的表達(dá),它帶有一種語(yǔ)言和文化的識(shí)別特征。習(xí)語(yǔ)被廣泛應(yīng)用于各類寫作和演說(shuō)中,如在文學(xué)作品中,在科學(xué)著作中,在政治演說(shuō)中,甚至在美國(guó),習(xí)語(yǔ)都成為辯論中唇槍舌戰(zhàn)的武器。美國(guó)第16屆總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯在他一篇著名演說(shuō)中引用了圣經(jīng)里的一句話:“互相分裂的房子無(wú)法站立?!眮?lái)號(hào)召美國(guó)人民團(tuán)結(jié)一
2、致反對(duì)黑奴制度,停止內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。美國(guó)人對(duì)圣經(jīng)的內(nèi)容都很熟悉,他們?yōu)榇松钍芨袆?dòng)。林肯廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)也取得了很好的結(jié)果。既然習(xí)語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中有如此重要地位,那么恰到好處地翻譯習(xí)語(yǔ)將有助于跨文化交流。中英不同的文化使得英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)在表達(dá)上有很大差異,也使得翻譯中容易產(chǎn)生誤譯,因此加強(qiáng)對(duì)英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)文化內(nèi)涵差異的了解有著重要意義。本文在探討英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)文化內(nèi)涵差異的基礎(chǔ)上提出了四種翻譯方法:直譯法、意譯法、意象轉(zhuǎn)移法、增刪法?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】習(xí)語(yǔ);文化;習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯【Abstract】Idioms,havinguniversalappeal
3、,areslanguageinspeechanduchtovarietystrengthandvividnessofthelanguage.Idiomsusuallycarrymoreimpactthannone-idiomaticexpressionsbecauseofthEircloseidentificationsareostallkindsofspeechesandsLincolnoncequotedanidiomderivedfromtheBible:“Ahousedividedagain
4、stitselfcannotstand.”inoneofhisfamousspeech,callingonpeopletofightagainstslaveryandCivilanyidiomsbearfiguresandstrongculturalflavors.Iftheyaretranslatedappropriately,notonlycantheoriginalspiritandmeaningsbefaithfullyconveyed,clearlyunderstoodandaccepte
5、dbythetargetlanguagereaders,butalsotheChineseandEnglishvocabulariescanbeenrichedtoprovideabroaderculturalvision.Theissuesofrenderingidiomsofonelanguageintoanotherarealsandculturetranslation,andtheissueofidiomtranslationisexploredfromaculturalperspectiv
6、e.2.Definitionsandformsofidiom2.1ThedefinitionsofidiomThe”possessesseveralmeanings.Itmaybedefinedas“thelanguageofapeopleoracountry”,asin“theChineseidiom”;or“adialect”asin“Cantoneseidiom”.Itmayalsobedefined,accordingtoOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-Chin
7、eseDictionary,as“phraseorsentenceeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualustbelearntasaostsuitsthepurposeofthispaper.TheChinese“equivalent”for“idiom”is“習(xí)語(yǔ)”,italsoreferstoakindofasetphraseorsentencefixedbylongusage.Fromtheabovedefinitions(or:習(xí)語(yǔ)):Fi
8、rstly,establishedandrefinedbylongpracticaluse,anidiomhasarelativelyhighdegreeofstabilityofthelexicalponents.Anidiomalloundernormalcircumstances.Ingeneral,anychangeintheponentssmeaningless.Aspeakerorallydoanyofthefollounlessheorsheiscons