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1、英文文獻(xiàn)2.5.3.DesignandconstructionofthebuildingRoofsandceilingsWallsWindowsanddoorsFloorsLightingandpowerWatersupplyandsanitationLayoutofequipmentandfacilitiesIngeneral,abuildingshouldhaveenoughspaceforallproductionprocessestotakeplacewithoutcongestionandforstorageofra
2、wmaterials,packagingmaterialsandfinishedproducts.However,theinvestmentshouldbeappropriatetothesizeandexpectedprofitabilityoftheenterprisetoreducestart-upcapital,thesizeofanyloanstakenoutanddepreciationandmaintenancecharges.RoofsandceilingsIntropicalclimates,overhang
3、ingroofskeepdirectsunlightoffthewallsandoutofthebuilding.Thisisparticularlyimportantwhenprocessinginvolvesheating,tomakeworkingconditionsmorecomfortable.Fiber-cementtilesoffergreaterinsulationagainstheatfromthesunthangalvanizedironsheetsdo.Highlevelventsinroofsbotha
4、llowheatandsteamtoescapeandencourageaflowoffreshairthroughtheprocessingroom.Theventsmustbescreenedwithmeshtopreventinsects,rodentsandbirdsfromenteringtheroom.Ifheatisaseriousproblem,theentrepreneurcouldconsiderfittingelectricfansorextractors,althoughthisclearlyincre
5、asescapitalandoperatingcosts.Raftersorroofbeamswithintheprocessingandstorageroomsareunacceptable.Theyallowdusttoaccumulate,whichcanfalloffinlumpstocausegrosscontaminationofproducts.Similarly,insectscanfallfromthemintoproducts.Theyalsoallowpathsforrodentsandbirds,wit
6、hconsequentrisksofcontaminationfromhairs,feathersorexcreta.Itisthereforeessentialtohaveapaneledceilingfittedtoanyprocessingorstore-oom,withcarefulattentionwhenfittingthemtoensurethattherearenoholesinthepaneling.Careshouldalsobetakentopreventbirds,rodentsandflyingins
7、ectsgainingaccesstotheprocessingroomthroughgapsintheroofstructureorwheretheroofjoinsthewalls.8WallsAsaminimumrequirement,allinternalwallsshouldberenderedorplasteredwithagoodqualityplastertopreventdustformingintheprocessingroom.Anexperiencedplasterershouldbeusedtoens
8、urethatnocracksorledgesremaininthesurfacefinish,whichcouldaccumulatedirtandinsects.Thelowerareaofwalls,toatleast1.08metres(fourfeet)abovet
