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1、第13卷第4期交通運(yùn)輸工程學(xué)報(bào)Vo1.13NO.42013年8月JournalofTrafficandTransportationEngineeringAug.2013文章編號(hào):1671-1637(2013)04-0063—07柴油公交車(chē)燃用不同替代燃料的排放特性譚丕強(qiáng),李潔,胡志遠(yuǎn),樓狄明(同濟(jì)大學(xué)汽車(chē)學(xué)院,上海201804)摘要:采用OBS一2200車(chē)載排放檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),分析了柴油公交車(chē)實(shí)際道路工況的氣態(tài)排放特性。使用的燃料分另4為純柴油、天然氣制油(GTL)與生物柴油,道路工況主要包括市區(qū)主干道、次干道和快速路。分析結(jié)果表明:公交車(chē)燃用各類(lèi)燃料的CO、HC、NO和COz的道路瞬時(shí)質(zhì)量排放率均
2、與瞬態(tài)車(chē)速變化有良好的跟隨特性。公交車(chē)燃用各種替代燃料的氣態(tài)污染物質(zhì)量排放率隨車(chē)速增加總體呈上升趨勢(shì),其中HC和CO。的質(zhì)量排放率隨車(chē)速增大,基本呈線性增加趨勢(shì),CO和NO的質(zhì)量排放率在中低車(chē)速區(qū)域隨車(chē)速上升呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢(shì),而在高車(chē)速區(qū)域有所降低。與主干道、次干道相比,公交車(chē)在快速路上燃用各種燃料的氣態(tài)污染物的排放因子都是最低的。與純柴油相比,不論是質(zhì)量排放率還是排放因子,生物柴油和GTL柴油的cO和HC排放都有所下降,且生物柴油的降幅更大一些。從全路況范圍來(lái)看,純生物柴油的CO和HC排放最低,純生物柴油的NO排放要高于柴油。全路況下,純天然氣制油、體積比為2O天然氣制油、體積比為2O生物柴油的
3、CO排放要低于純柴油,但純生物柴油的CO。排放要高一些。關(guān)鍵詞:柴油公交車(chē);替代燃料;生物柴油;天然氣制油;道路排放中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):U473.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:AEmissioncharacteristicsofdieselbusburningdifferentalternativefuelsTANPi—qiang,LIJie,HUZhi—yuan,LOUDi—ruing(SchoolofAutomobile,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai201804,China)Abstract:Thegaseousemissionsofdieselbusfueledwithpurediesel
4、fuel,gas—to—liquid(GTL)fuelandbiodieselfuelwerestudiedbyusingOBS一2200gaseousportableemissionmeasurementsystemonarterialroad。residentiaIroadandelevatedroad.Analysisresultshowsthattheon—roadtransientmassemissionratesofC0,N0,HCandCO2havegoodfollowingperformancewiththetransientchangeOfvehiclespeeds.Them
5、assemissionrates0fgaseouspollutantsfromthebusburningalternativefuelsshowatotalascendingtendencywithincreasingvehiclespeed.ThemassemissionratesofHCandCO2almostlinearlyincreasewithascendingvehiclespeed,whileCOandNOemissionsfirstlyincreasewiththespeedincreasinginlowandmediumvehiclespeedranges,andthende
6、creasewiththespeedincreasinginhighvehiclespeedrange.Comparedtoarteria1roadandresidentialroad,theemissionfactorsofthebusburningalternativefuelsonelevatedroadarethelowest.Comparedtopuredieselfuel,theemissionfactorsandmassemissionratesofC0andHCfromthebusburningbiodieselruelandGTLfueldecline,andforbiodi
7、eselfuel,thedecreasingrangeisgreater.TheaverageemissionsofCOandHCfromthebusburningpurebiodieselfuelonthewholetestroadsarethelowest.Comparedtopuredieselfuel,收稿日期:2013-02—05基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(50906062);中央高