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1、第21卷第2期中國(guó)海商法年刊Vol.21No.22010年6月AnnualofChinaMaritimeLawJun.2010夏慶生.《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對(duì)賣方(貨主)的影響[J].中國(guó)海商法年刊,2010,21(2):30-44.《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對(duì)賣方(貨主)的影響夏慶生摘要:分析《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關(guān)于托運(yùn)人,不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證,貨物控制權(quán)和控制方,不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證、不交單提貨的可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證的交貨方式、交貨條件以及簽發(fā)運(yùn)輸單證等規(guī)定,指出在兩國(guó)間貨物交易中,由付款行向受益人(賣方)開具的信用證和承運(yùn)人向交貨托運(yùn)人(賣方)簽發(fā)的提單(物權(quán)憑證),是建立在賣
2、方、買方和承運(yùn)人相互制約關(guān)系上的“交單相符”“付款接單”和“交單提貨”三項(xiàng)規(guī)則基礎(chǔ)之上的。這三項(xiàng)原則保證了國(guó)際貿(mào)易和國(guó)際海上貨運(yùn)中付款和交貨的公平、公正和安全,并推動(dòng)了國(guó)際貿(mào)易、國(guó)際金融和國(guó)際海運(yùn)業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展。然而,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的上述規(guī)定,改變了上述三項(xiàng)重要規(guī)則,背離了公平、公正和保護(hù)各方當(dāng)事人權(quán)益的普遍原則,將給海上貨物運(yùn)輸利害關(guān)系人FOB賣方的貨物及貨款帶來巨大傷害。關(guān)鍵詞:《鹿特丹規(guī)則》;托運(yùn)人;運(yùn)輸單證;FOB賣方中圖分類號(hào):DF961.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1003-7659-(2010)02-0030-15Effectson
3、theseller(consignor)oftheRotterdamRulesXIAQing-shengAbstract:Thearticleevaluatestheprovisionson“shipper”,“non-negotiabletransportdocument”,rightofcontrolofthegoods,controllingparty,themethodsandconditionsofthedeliveryunderanon-negotiabletransportdocumentoranegotiabletransport
4、documentwhichexpresslystatesthatthegoodsmaybedeliveredwithoutthesurrenderofthetransportdocumentand“theissuanceofthetransportdocuments”oftheRotterdamrules,pointsoutthatininternationaltradeL/Cwhichisissuedbythepayingbanktothebeneficiary(seller)andB/L(documentoftitle)whichisissu
5、edbythecarriertotheshipper(seller)operatedagainstthreerules,i.e.“complyingpresentation”,“documentsagainstpayment”and“documentsondelivery”,whicharebasedontheconstraintbetweentheseller,thebuyerandthecarrier.Theserulesguaranteethefairness,justiceandsecurityofthepaymentanddeliver
6、yininternationaltradeandinternationalmaritimecargotransport,promotethehealthyandorderlydevelopmentofinternationaltrade,internationalfinanceandinternationalshippingindustry.However,theabove-mentionedprovisionsintheRotterdamruleschangethethreeimportantrules,deviatefromthegenera
7、lprinciplesoffairness,justiceandprotectingtherightsandinterestsoftheparties.ThiswillgiveadevastatinginjurytothegoodsandpaymentsforgoodsofFOBsellerwhoistheinterestedpartyofcarriageofgoodsbysea.Keywords:theRotterdamrules;shipper;transportdocument;FOBseller備受航貿(mào)兩界關(guān)注的《聯(lián)合國(guó)全程或者部分海內(nèi)的
8、許多國(guó)家尚未加入。上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》于2008年12月在聯(lián)合不管中國(guó)政府是否加入,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》都將會(huì)國(guó)第六十三屆大會(huì)第六十七次全
