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1、腫瘤分子生物學(xué)ThemolecularbasisofcancerJingboXiong,Ph.D.Definitionofcancer---byclinicalworkers臨床定義：是一類以生長不受控制、侵入周圍組織并向身體其它部位轉(zhuǎn)移為特征的疾病的總稱；三個特征：生長不受控制；威脅生命難以治愈Definitionofcancer---bylaboratoryworkersCancerisadisorderthatoccursatacellularlevelCanceroccurswhengeneticalterationsresultintheunregulatedprol
2、iferationofcells；Cancer,tumor,neoplasmBenignTumortypicaloftissueoforiginSlowrateofgrowthSlowlyprogressive;NotfatalifuntreatedEncapsulatedgrowthNotissuedestructionRarerecurrencePoorprognosisonlyifunabletoremoveMalignantTumoratypicaloftissueoforiginSloworrapidrateofgrowthUsuallyprogressive;Fat
3、alifuntreatedGrowthbyinfiltrationormetastasisTissuedestructioniscommonRecurrenceiscommonFatalprognosisifuncontrolled轉(zhuǎn)化細(xì)胞的特征decreasedgrowthfactorrequirementslossofcapacityforgrowtharrest-transformedcellswillcontinuetodivideevenwhennutrientsarelimited(immortalization)lossofdependenceonanchorag
4、eforgrowth-canformcolonieswhensuspendedassinglecellsinagarchangedcellmorphologylossofcontactinhibitionCauseofcancerEnvironmentalagentschemicalsradiationvirusesInheritedGeneticbasistumorisclonalexpansionofsingleprogenitorcellthathasgeneticdamageTargetsofgeneticdamageGrowthpromotingproto-oncog
5、enesmutantallelesareconsidereddominanttransformcellsdespitenormalcounterpartonlyneedonemutantalleletodevelopcancerGrowthinhibitingcancersuppressorgenes—anti-oncogenesalsoknownasrecessiveoncogenesbothnormalallelesmustbedamagedtodevelopcancerGenesthatregulateapoptosismaybedominantorrecessiveGe
6、nesthatregulaterepairofdamagedDNAcellisnotabletorepairnon-lethaldamagetoDNAex.XPSignaltransducerCellcycleregulatorOncogeneandtumorsuppressorgeneOncogene:alsocalledcancer-promotinggenesortransforminggenes.Agenethatnormallydirectscellgrowth.Ifaltered,anoncogenecanpromoteorallowtheuncontrolledg
7、rowthofcancer.Alterationscanbeinheritedorcausedbyanenvironmentalexposuretocarcinogens.tumorsuppressorgene:Genesthatnormallyrestraincellgrowthbut,whenmissingorinactivatedbymutation,allowcellstogrowuncontrolled.OncogenesviraloncogeneAgeneintheviralge
