資源描述:
《探析合成鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的水解工藝研究》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、南京工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文合成鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的水解工藝研究姓名:陶祖亮申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專(zhuān)業(yè):化學(xué)工藝指導(dǎo)教師:?jiǎn)绦?湯吉海20040430南京工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士論文摘要鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛是重要的精細(xì)化工中間體,氯化水解法仍然是主要的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法,但是目前的水解工藝存在收率低、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量差、水解催化劑對(duì)環(huán)境會(huì)造成重金屬離子污染等問(wèn)題。此外,采用鄰、對(duì)氧甲苯分別生產(chǎn)鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛時(shí),因原料價(jià)格高而使得生產(chǎn)成本高。為此,本文首先立足開(kāi)發(fā)高收率合成鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的清潔生產(chǎn)工藝,進(jìn)而在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)以混合鄰、對(duì)氯甲苯原料同時(shí)制備鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的新型聯(lián)產(chǎn)工藝進(jìn)行探索。針對(duì)鄰、對(duì)氯芐叉二氯的水解是存在水相和有機(jī)相的液液兩相
2、反應(yīng)體系的特點(diǎn),采用相轉(zhuǎn)移催化劑代替濃酸或可溶性的金屬鹽類(lèi)等傳統(tǒng)水解催化劑,從催化效果和經(jīng)濟(jì)性?xún)煞矫鎸?duì)催化劑進(jìn)行了篩選,系統(tǒng)研究了催化利用量、水的用量以及反應(yīng)溫度等因素對(duì)水解反應(yīng)的影響,確定了最優(yōu)的承解工藝條件,反應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)化率和收率均接近100%。以對(duì)氯苯甲醛的合成為對(duì)象,考察了水解母液循環(huán)套用的可行性,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)3次套用后的水解母液對(duì)對(duì)氯苯甲醛的收率和反應(yīng)選擇性基本沒(méi)有影響,從而杜絕了本工藝的廢水排放,使水解工藝清潔化。建立了對(duì)氯芐叉二氯水解反應(yīng)的擬一級(jí)宏觀動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,根據(jù)水解反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)非線性最/b----乘擬合得到水解反應(yīng)的活化能為83.59kJ/mol。模型計(jì)算值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值吻
3、合較好,為工業(yè)反應(yīng)器的設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。研究了將鄰、對(duì)氯甲苯混合物直接進(jìn)行氯化、精餾得到的氯化混合物制備鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的水解工藝,通過(guò)在水解反應(yīng)后期加入一定量的烏洛托品-可使所有側(cè)鏈氯化物全部轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)的醛。采用熔融結(jié)晶方法對(duì)此混合醛進(jìn)行分離的初步探索,經(jīng)過(guò)一次結(jié)晶得到的晶體中對(duì)氯苯甲醛的含量有明顯提商。研究結(jié)果初步證明了由難分離的鄰、對(duì)氯甲苯混合物聯(lián)產(chǎn)易分離的鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛的工藝是可行的,可大大節(jié)約分離的能耗,在對(duì)鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛熔融結(jié)晶分離工藝進(jìn)一步研究的基礎(chǔ)上,該工藝應(yīng)具有良好的工業(yè)化前景。關(guān)鍵詞鄰、對(duì)氯苯甲醛鄰、對(duì)氯芐叉二氯水解相轉(zhuǎn)移催化陶祖亮:合成鄰、對(duì)氯幕甲醛的水解工藝研究0一chlo
4、robenzaldehydcandp-ehlorobenzaldehydeareimportantfmechemicalintermediateproducts.Atpresentchlorination-hydrolysismethodisstillthemainindustrialmethod,buttheyieldislowandtheproductqualityisnOtgoodenough.Furthermore,thehydrolysiscatalystwouldcausepollutionofmetallicion.Becausethepricesofrawmaterialsar
5、ehighandtheproductioncostofo-chlorobenzaldehydeandp-chlorobenzaldehydefromo-chlorotolueneandp-chlorotolueneindividuallyisveryhigh.Forthesereasons,thisresearchwascarriedouttofredacleanwayofproducingo—chlorobenzaldehydeandp-chlorobenzaldehydewithhighyieldandhighselectivityfirstly,andthenthetechnologyo
6、fjointprocessofthesetwoproductswaspreliminarilystudied.Becausethehydrolysisofo-chlorobenzalchlorideorp-chlorobenzalchlorideisaliquid--liquidbiphasereactionwithwaterandorganicreacmLphase--transfercatalystswereusedinsteadofacidsorsolublemetallicsalts.TheappropriatePTCwasselectedinconsiderationofeconom
7、icbenefitandcatalysiseffect.Theeffectoftheamountofcatalyst,theamountofwaterandtemperatureonthereactionratewasinvestigatedsystematicallyandtheoptimaloperationconditionwasdetermined.Thereactionselectivi