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1、第26卷第2期河北法學(xué)Vol.26,No.22008年2月HebeiLawScienceFeb.,2008刑法解釋立場(chǎng)的歷史考察———主觀解釋論之提倡徐光華(武漢大學(xué)法學(xué)院,湖北武漢430072)摘 要:刑法解釋經(jīng)歷了從主觀解釋論到客觀解釋論的演進(jìn)過程,現(xiàn)階段,從世界范圍來看,客觀解釋論正成為一種有力的學(xué)說。在不同的歷史時(shí)期,主觀解釋論與客觀解釋論所處的地位并不相同,在經(jīng)歷了罪刑擅斷、人治統(tǒng)治的歷史之后,人們對(duì)立法者充滿了無限的期待,體現(xiàn)在刑法解釋上就是要求堅(jiān)持主觀解釋論。而當(dāng)法治的進(jìn)程進(jìn)一步推進(jìn),人們已經(jīng)不滿足于法律的安定性,還要求法律實(shí)質(zhì)上的公平、公正。聯(lián)系社會(huì)發(fā)
2、展以揭示法律內(nèi)涵,遵守成文法不囿于文字本身的刑法解釋客觀論,遂成為刑法解釋論上的特色。從歷史的角度看,法治理念、法官素質(zhì)、刑法實(shí)施的時(shí)間與刑法解釋立場(chǎng)的選擇具有密切的關(guān)系。我國(guó)是經(jīng)歷了幾千年的人治統(tǒng)治的國(guó)家,法治建設(shè)才剛剛起步,法官素質(zhì)還有待于進(jìn)一步提高,刑法實(shí)施僅十余年,這要求我國(guó)在刑法解釋上應(yīng)采主觀解釋論。關(guān)鍵詞:刑法解釋;主觀說;客觀說;歷史考察中圖分類號(hào):DF61文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):100223933(2008)0220118204AStudyontheStandoftheInterpretationaboutCriminalLawAccordingtoH
3、istoricalView———AdvocatingthesubjectivismXUGuang2hua(LawSchool,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072China)Abstract:Theinterpretationofcriminallawhasexperiencedfromsubjectivismtoobjectivism.Now,theobjectivismisbecomingatrenchanttheoryintheworld.Indifferentperiodthesubjectivismandobjectivismhasdiff
4、erentposition.Aftertheperiodofabusingthecriminallawandruleofman,peopleputmuchexpectationonlegislator,peopleneedsubjectivismintheinterpretationofcriminallaw.Asacceleratingthecourseofruleoflaw,peoplearenotcontenttothestabilityoflaw,theyhopethatlawbecomefairandjustinessence.Theobjectivismt
5、hatrevealingtheessenceoflawbysocialdevelopmentandabidingcriminallawbutnotincarceratedinitbecomesthecharacteristicintheinterpretationofcriminallaw.Fromhistoricalview,we’llfindtheideaofruleoflaw,thequalitiesofjudge,thetimeoftheimplementofcriminallawhasacloserelationshipwhilechoosingthesta
6、ndoftheinterpretationaboutcriminallaw.Ourcountryhasexperiencedthousandsofyearsthatruleofman,theestablishmentofruleoflawisjustbeginning,thequalitiesofjudgeneedheightening,andthecriminalhasbeenputintouseonlytenyears,allofthisrequestustoadoptthesubjec2tivism.Keywords:thestandoftheinterpret
7、ationaboutcriminallaw;subjectivism;objectivism;historicalreview[2] 刑法解釋,是對(duì)刑法條文含義的闡釋。刑法解釋是“紙?jiān)颉Ｔ诹⒎ㄅc具體個(gè)案之間,作為解釋者,究竟應(yīng)該采面上的刑法”到“生活中的刑法”的重要一環(huán)。作為彌補(bǔ)成取一個(gè)什么樣的姿態(tài)或立場(chǎng),這會(huì)導(dǎo)致法律適用結(jié)果的不文法局限性的重要工具,刑法解釋直接將社會(huì)變遷事實(shí)反同。刑法解釋的立場(chǎng),也稱為刑法解釋的基本思想,就是關(guān)[1]饋到刑事立法,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)刑事立法的完善。刑法的生于刑法解釋的目標(biāo)的理論。這一問題,決定了刑法解釋的命力就在于不斷
