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1、ParkinsonDiseaseIntroductoryarticleOlehHornykiewicz,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,AustriaArticleContents.IntroductionParkinsondiseaseisacommon,chronic,relentlesslyprogressiveneurodegenerativebasal.Tremor,RigidityandBradykinesiaastheHallmarksofgangliadisorderofmovement,consequenttoincessantlos
2、softhedopamine-containingParkinsonDiseaseneuronsofthesubstantianigra.Correctionwith.DementiaandParkinsonDiseaseL-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA)oftheseverebraindopaminedeficitcharacteristicforParkinsondiseaserepresentsthemost.ExtensiveLossofaDopaminergicNigrostriatalPathwayinParkinsonDisea
3、seefficacioustreatmentofthisdisorder..OtherNeuropathologiesinProgressiveParkinsonDiseaseIntroduction.EnvironmentalCausesofParkinsonDisease.TreatmentwithL-DOPAParkinsondiseasewasdescribedbyJamesParkinsonasa.SurgicalTreatmentsforParkinsonDiseasesinglediseaseentityintheyear1817.Itisacommon,.
4、GeneTherapyforParkinsonDiseasechronic,progressiveneurodegenerativebraindisease,.PossibleTherapywithNeurotrophicFactorsa?ictingabout1in1000personsofthegeneralpopulation.Summaryandabout1in100personsovertheageof60years.Thediseasesetsininsiduously,mostfrequentlyinthemiddleperiodoflife,andinmo
5、stpatientsprogressesrelentlessly,BradykinesiaisthecoredisablingfeatureofParkinsononaveragewithin10years,toastateoftotalphysicaldisease.Itconsistsofdi?culty,slowness(bradykinesiaincapacitation.Thesymptomsusuallystartononesideofproper)orvirtualinability(akinesia)ininitiatingandthebody(hemip
6、arkinsonism)butlaterspreadtotheotherexecutingmovementsormodifyingongoingmotoractiv-side.About80%ofpatientssu?erfromidiopathicity.Povertyofspontaneousmovement(hypokinesia),lossParkinsondiseaseforwhichnocauseisknown.Manyofnormalassociatedmovements,maskedfacialexpressionneurodegenerativediso
7、rdersareaccompaniedbysecond-andsudden‘freezing’inthemiddleofamotorperformancearyparkinsonism,whichmayalsoresultfromviralareallpartofthedisturbance.infections(e.g.postencephaliticparkinsonismasasequelThemotorsymptomsareusuallyaccompaniedbytovonEconomoencephalitisleth
