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1、CultureCivilization&英語92朱惠敏21109206culture①thecustomsandbelieves,art,wayoflifeandsocialorganizationofaparticularcountryorgroup.②acountry,group,etc.withitsownbelieves③art,music,literature,etc,thoughtofasagroup.civilization①astateofhumansocietythatisverydevelopedandorganized.②asociety,itsculture
2、anditswayoflifeduringaparticularperiodoftimeorinaparticularpartoftheworld.……Culture(fromtheLatinculturastemmingfromcolere,meaning"tocultivate")Cultureistraditionallytheoldesthumancharacter,itssignificanttracesseparatingHomo(人屬)fromaustralopithecines(更新紀靈長動物),andManfromtheAnimals.Theconceptfirs
3、temergedin18th-and19th-centuryinEurope.Itconnotedaprocessofcultivation（種植）orimprovement(完善),asinagricultureorhorticulture(園藝)Inthenineteenthcentury,itcametoreferfirsttothebetterment(改善)orrefinement（改進）oftheindividual,especiallythrougheducationOriginanddevelopmentInthetwentiethcentury,“culture”
4、emergedasaconceptcentraltoanthropology（人類學(xué)）theevolved（進化了的）humancapacitytoclassifyandrepresentexperienceswithsymbols（符號）,andtoactimaginativelyandcreatively;(2)thedistinct（截然不同的）waysthatpeoplelivingindifferentpartsoftheworldclassifiedandrepresentedtheirexperiences,andactedcreatively.AncientEgyp
5、tianart,1,400BCThePersian波斯Hasht-BeheshtPalaceDifferentculturesCivilizationThewordcivilizationcomesfromtheLatincivilis,meaningcivil(民間)andrelatestotheLatincivis,meaningcitizen,andcivitas,meaningcityThewordcivilappearedinEnglishmeaning"oforrelatedtocitizens”.In1704,civilizationwasusedtomean“ala
6、wwhichmakesacriminalprocessintoacivilcase”.Civilizationwasnotusedinitsmodernsensetomean“theoppositeofbarbarism(野蠻)”—ascontrastedtocivility,meaningpolitenessorcivilvirtue（公民德性）—untilthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.ThemapofworldcivilizationMidtownNewYorkCity.Citiesareahallmark(特征)ofhumancivilizati
7、onTheGreatPyramidofGizaisthemostrecognizablesymboloftheAncientEgyptiancivilization.TheGreatWallofChina,builtfromthe5thcenturyBC,hasbecomethesymboloftheChinesecivilization.comparisonCultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,arts,music,custo
