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1、1.A:ScientistshavefoundthatlifecansurviveinboilingpoolsoftoxicwateratYellowstoneNationalPark,somethingtheydidnotthinkwaspossible.Thefactthatlifecanthriveinaboilingpoolbringsupallsortsofideasabouttheoriginsoflife.Itmaybethatthefirstlifeonearthwasinaplacemoreliket
2、hehotpoolsatYellowstonethanintheplaceshumansmightconsiderhospitable.Scientistsusedtothinklifeneededjusttherightmixofwarmth,sunlightandair.Nowtheyarefoundthatitgrowsnotjustinthehotpools,butalsointheperpetualdarknessoftheoceanfloor—eveninthefrozenarctic.“Itnowexpa
3、ndsourpossibilitiesofwherewecouldlookforlife.”在黃石國(guó)家公園毒水沸騰的池塘中,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命,這一“意外驚喜”使他們對(duì)于生命起源有了各式各樣的新想法。也許,地球上第一個(gè)生命的誕生地不是什么“宜人”的地方,而是像黃石公園里的池塘這樣的“兇險(xiǎn)”之地??茖W(xué)家們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為溫度、陽(yáng)光和空氣的適當(dāng)搭配是生命的必需,但現(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)看到生命的蹤跡不出不在,從酷熱難當(dāng)?shù)某靥恋接篮愫诎档难蟮祝敝帘馇Ю锏谋睒O地區(qū)。專家說(shuō),這為我們?cè)谟钪嬷袑ふ疑峁┝烁嗟目赡?。B:電子郵件使我們會(huì)面的時(shí)
4、間越來(lái)越少。以后可不一定是這樣。通過(guò)使用一種名為Facemail的新程序,用戶可以讓真人大聲讀出他們的郵件內(nèi)容。這項(xiàng)程序使電子郵件有了生機(jī),也使我們賦予科技以人性。E-mailistakingawayfromfacetime.Itdoesnothavetoanymore.AnewprogramcalledFacemailallowsuserstohavethetextoftheire-mailreadaloudbyavirtualperson.Theprogrambringse-mailtolifeandmakesus
5、humanizetechnologyaswell.2.A:Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnosuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnohierachyamonglanguages.Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,underdevelopedformsifspeech,consisting
6、largelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagethatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,bymostseverestandards,extremelycomp
7、lex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whicharefullyadequateforalllanguagesneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularieswhichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspe
8、akers.對(duì)人類學(xué)專家來(lái)說(shuō),不存在某一文化優(yōu)于另一文化,就像對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)專家來(lái)說(shuō)預(yù)言家不存在等級(jí)差別。人們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語(yǔ)言是粗野、未成熟的話語(yǔ)形式,主要是由咕噥呻吟聲組成的。但是對(duì)“落后”語(yǔ)言研究產(chǎn)生的結(jié)論是目前沒有哪種語(yǔ)言如上述所描繪的一樣,盡管總體來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)言在開始時(shí)是一系列的咕噥和呻吟聲。大多數(shù)未開化人群的語(yǔ)言,即使以我們